ArgumentThis paper explores the links between the competing scientific, disciplinary, and institutional identifications of social scientists working for international organizations and the nature of the work produced in these establishments. By examining the case of UNESCO's Social Science Department from 1946 to 1955, the paper shows how the initial lack of organizational identification diminished the efficiency and productivity of the Department and slowed down the creation of an international system for research in the social sciences. It then examines how the (...) elaboration of such identification resulted from a period of trial and error during which several national, academic, and scientific models were explored. The paper concludes that only the discourse of “moral sensitivity” kept the Department together at a time when disillusions regarding internationalism, the destabilization of the meaning of nation, and suspicion towards some Western disciplines rendered unacceptable the universalization of a single international social scientific identification. (shrink)

The increasing presence of women, especially university women, in risky alcohol consumption such as Binge Drinking, which is associated with gender-specific biopsychosocial problems, makes it necessary to analyze the variables underlying BD in order to adjust possible interventions more in line with their reality. The motives and expectancies of this pattern of consumption, as well as the consequences derived from it, are some of the variables that are shown to have the greatest weight in the prediction of BD. In the (...) present study we analyze, on the one hand, the performance of these variables among college women with alcohol use, and on the other hand, which of these variables allow us to classify BD. A total of 501 female university consumers of alcohol were assessed. Specifically, they completed a self-report of alcohol consumption, the Expectancy Questionnaire, the Drinking Motives Questionnaire and the Alcohol Consumption Consequences Evaluation. BD female students scored significantly higher on these instruments, except for compliance motives. The logistic regression analysis carried out to estimate the probability of performing BD using the social and conformity motives, the ACCE and positive expectancies correctly estimated have a 3.55-fold increase in the probability of having BD, compared to women classified as low risk by the ACCE. On the other hand, women classified as moderate risk by the ACCE have a 4.77-fold increase in the probability of having BD. In the case of social motives and positive expectancies, their increase multiplies by 1.165 and 1.024, respectively, the probability of having BD. The results of this study highlight the importance of adapting preventive measures to the consequences experienced by BD university students, especially in relation to the social motives and positive expectancies that modulate decision-making when engaging in this pattern of consumption. (shrink)

Ante ciertos modelos causales del agente libre inspirados en Tomás de Aquino, resulta interesante atender al modelo causal presentado por Tomás mismo, especialmente en un texto a partir del cual se puede rastrear la exposición de la acción libre como el efecto de los cuatro sentidos causales aristotélicos. Se trata de la cuestión sobre los actos imperados (ST I–II, q. 17); en cuyos primeros cuatro artículos –y en sus textos paralelos– determina que la voluntad es causa agente; la (...) razón práctica, causa ordenadora; y el imperium de ambas (razón y voluntad) se relaciona con el acto imperado como lo formal con lo material. (shrink)

"œConfrontando la naturaleza"Dentro del mundo que hemos transformado casi por entero, la conservaci�n del h�bitat natural cada d��a cobra m�s importancia. Las pol��ticas ambientales deben basarse en percepciones competentes sobre el modo funcional de la naturaleza. Tambi�n deben hacerlo en una serie de principios morales que confieran alguna obligatoriedad a nuestras relaciones con el medio ambiente. El art��culo propone, para la toma de decisiones, un enfoque integrado que relaciona a la sociedad humana y la econom��a con la conservaci�n de los (...) sistemas naturales y que permite el cumplimiento de las metas sociales conservando el potencial evolutivo de los ecosistemas naturales."œConfronting Nature"In a world we have transformed almost entirely, the conservation of the natural habitat is getting more important each day. Environmental policies must be based both on suitable perceptions about Nature´s functional way and on a set of moral principles that award some obligation to our relations with the environment. In order to make decisions, this article proposes a complete focus that relates society and economy with the conservation of natural systems, and allows the fulfilment of social goals maintaining the evolutionary capability of natural ecosystems. (shrink)

Las teorías de la conspiración sobre los chemtrails o estelas químicas proliferan en el entorno digital y parecen sintomáticas de un clima de sospecha hacia las instituciones científicas y políticas en relación con la geoingeniería. Este artículo analiza, desde un punto de vista teoricoanalítico, cómo estas narrativas pueden estar impactando negativamente en la toma de medidas contra el cambio climático al alinearse con el «obstruccionismo climático». Se identifica una doble conexión: por un lado, en las estrategias discursivas y, por otro, (...) en el comportamiento en las redes sociales de quienes hacen «activismo antichemtrails». En el ámbito discursivo, se encuentran dos paralelismos con las estrategias de obstruccionismo «secundario» de las políticas climáticas: la redirección de responsabilidad y el discurso de la rendición. En el ámbito del comportamiento en línea, se detecta que los ataques al colectivo científico y a las instituciones públicas contribuyen a la obstaculización de la toma de medidas climáticas. En general, se determina que las teorías sobre los chemtrails favorecen la «obstrucción terciaria», relacionada con las estructuras sociales que sostienen la parálisis de la acción climática. (shrink)

Se describen algunos personajes carrasquillescos y sus formas de pensamiento y expresión de acuerdo con sus diferentes entornos y relación con la palabra. Para hablar de los personajes orales, se hace referencia a ciertos prototipos como el campesino, el negro, el anciano, el niño y el contador de historias. Y en cuanto a los personajes letrados, se destacan algunos, como Magdalena Samudio, José Bermúdez, Beatriz Solsona y Bárbara Caballero, resaltando la figura del cura como el letrado del pueblo, y asociando (...) a Ligia Cruz y a Martín Gala con don Quijote por su relación participante con los libros. (shrink)

El equipo multidisciplinario especializado, con ayudas diagnósticas avanzadas, brinda, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos neonatales, atención a los recién nacidos en estado crítico de salud. No comprender la muerte como un acontecimiento natural dificulta establecer un equilibrio en el tratamiento proporcionado y exige una juiciosa valoración de los beneficios y cargas basados en una ética responsable. La literatura sugiere que se necesita, en relación con los aspectos bioéticos de la práctica clínica, de capacitación, participación y presencia permanente de los (...) profesionales de la salud en la toma de decisiones en conjunto con las madres, de tal forma que se proporcione consuelo a la familia del neonato. (shrink)

El arte es una vía de conexión entre el corazón del mundo y el corazón del ser humano. Cuerpo, mente y alma son expresiones de un Espíritu unificado que habita el universo, y que puede tomar vida y manifestarse de un modo trascendente y resplandecer en las pequeñas cosas de la vida. Captar ese Todo Unificado es posible desde las posibilidades liberadoras que brinda el pensamiento complejo. Dado que el trabajo espiritual y los desafíos de la psicología profunda son aspectos (...) interconectados de una misma realidad, el artículo aborda el tema de la dimensión psicológica del arte y de la belleza. Más que referirse a la naturaleza intrínseca de la obra de arte, el artículo toma el tema de la actitud mental con la que el observador enfrenta dicha realidad. Se desarrolla aquí un análisis sobre las vías de acceso a la experiencia estética y al inconsciente colectivo. (shrink)

"This wonderful book does nothing less than to create the next stage of feminist thought." —Catharine R. Stimpson "De Lauretis provides a way of thinking about feminism that accepts rather than tries to resolve differences, that refuses ...

En este artículo consideramos algunos usos de los conceptos de "tiempo" y de lo "contemporáneo" en el campo de la danza a partir de un estudio de Cesena, pieza de Anne Teresa De Keersmaeker creada en colaboración con el director musical Björn Schmelzer. Los diferentes aspectos que analizamos -el canto, el vínculo entre los gestos y la luz, la problematización de los comunidad, la referencia al pasado histórico medieval, la dramaturgia...- intentan poner de realce algunos sentidos que genera esta (...) obra en tanto que evento escénico: la alteración del concepto europeo de "tiempo", la poética de la espera y la toma de distancia con respecto a los imperativos de rapidez - el "presentismo" - de nuestra época. In this paper, we examine some uses of the concepts of "time" and "contemporary" in dance based on a study about Cesena, a piece by Anne Teresa De Keesmaeker created with musical director Björn Schmelzer. By focusing our analysis on several aspects - the singing, the link between the gestures and the light, the problem of the community, the reference to historic medieval past, the dramaturgy... - we intend to bring to the foreground some senses which this work produce as an scenic event: the alteration of the european concept of time, the poetics of waiting and the distancing from the requirements of speed - the "presentism" - of our present time. (shrink)

En este artículo el profesor Manuel Ángel Martínez expone los temas más importantes de la reflexión teológica de Antonio Royo Marín. Se centra especialmente en una de sus obras más importantes La Teología de la Perfección. Royo Marín ha sido un predicador infatigable. Muestra de ello son los numerosos escritos que dejó y su amplia divulgación entre muchos fieles cristianos. Varios grupos, repartidos en diversos lugares del mundo, siguen nutriéndose de su teología. La profundidad con la que están escritos y (...) la claridad de su exposición permiten a muchos lectores un acercamiento a la espiritualidad cristiana y a sus fuentes. Los Santos Padres de los primeros siglos del cristianismo, Santo Tomás, Santa Teresa de Jesús, San Juan de la Cruz, Santa Teresa de Lisieux, Santa Catalina de Siena, Juan González Arintero, entre otros, inspiraron la reflexión teológica de Royo Marín.El 17 de abril se cumplirán cinco años de su fallecimiento. Con este motivo y respondiendo a las numerosas demandas que nos han llegado, ofrecemos a todos los lectores la magnífica descripción que de su teología ha escrito en Ciencia Tomista el profesor Manuel Ángel Martínez Juan. (shrink)

Anselm of Canterbury holds that freedom of the will is a necessary condition for moral responsibility. This condition, however, turns out to be trivially fulfilled by all rational creatures at all times. In order to clarify the necessary conditions for moral responsibility, we must look more widely at his discussion of the nature of the will and of willed action. In this paper, I examine his theory of voluntariness by clarifying his account of the sin of Satan in De casu (...) diaboli. Anselm agrees with Augustine that the sinful act cannot be given a causal explanation in terms of a distinct preceding act of will or desire or choice. He thus rejects volitionalist accounts of Satan's sin and thus of voluntary action in general. He moves beyond his predecessor, however, in insisting on the necessity of an explanation in terms of reasons, and his theory of the dual nature of the rational will is designed to meet this demand. A comparison of Satan's case with the case of the miser of De casu diaboli 3,... (shrink)

This article presents Gilbert Simondon as a philosopher of (technological) mediation. An attempt is made to combine and present Simondon’s multifaceted and often sporadic perspectives on the subject of (technological) mediation. At the same time, it is attempted to contextualize Simondon’s thought in light of other authors and philosophical theories to show its relevance and similarities. First of all, the relevance of Simondonian ontogenetic account of mediation to contemporary philosophy of mediation is shown. Secondly, Simondonian critique of the conceptual structure (...) of hylomorphism, understood through the lens of mediation, is compared with the Heideggerian one. Both interpretations are understood through Verbeek’s suggestion to ruminate on how technologies mediate our grasp of metaphysics. Lastly, political and scientific aspects of the Simondonian concept of mediation are discussed. In between, Simondon’s general ambivalent position on the progress of technology is shown. (shrink)

In lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content:THE DOMINICAN SCHOOL OF SALAMANCA AND THE SPANISH CONQUEST OF AMERICA: SOME BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES THOMAS F. O'MEARA. O.P. University of Notre Dame Notre Dame, Indiana SALAMANCA, northwest of Madrid and Avila and not far from Spain's border with Portugal, preserves the atmosphere of a medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque university even as it develops the schools and clinics of a contemporary center of studies. There are associations with Teresa (...) of Avila, who spent the night there just after her reform was approved by Rome, with the young Cervantes, with Luis de Leon and Ignatius Loyola, and with John of the Cross, who was a student there. A bridge from the time of Trajan spans the river Tormes, and the Romanesque cathedral still reserves a chapel for the Mozarabic rite. The University of Salamanca The city brings to mind sixteenth century Dominicans like Francisco de Vitoria, often called the founder of international law, and Domingo Bafiez, confessor to Teresa of Avila. The Order of Friars Preachers, however, came to Salamanca in 1222 at the same time that Dominic's missions were taking root in·Paris and Bologna; the friars founded a priory and soon a school under the patronage of St. Stephen (San Esteban). The " Dominican School of Salamanca " means formally the line of great theologians reaching from Diego de Deza at the end of the fifteenth century to Tomas de Lemos, a main protagonist in Rome in 1607 in the controversy over grace entitled De Auxiliis. Today, after seven and a half centuries of existence, the Salamancan SSS 556 THOMAS F. o'MEARA, O.P. Dominicans remain a vital community, active m teaching, research and publishing. My attention was directed to the Dominicans at Salamanca by two volumes of essays reporting on congresses concerning the "Dominicans and the Discovery of the New World." My interest was not church history but the history of theologies of how grace might exist outside of explicit faith and sacramental baptism. The following report is a bibliographical survey of recent research on a theological era and school. Focusing on the thought of the theologians stimulated by the experiences of the missionaries in the Indies, it treats the Dominicans during the first decades after the voyages of Columbus. In the 1480s, as it entered its golden age, the University of Salamanca had a hundred professors and almost 7000 students. University records begin late, but they show that in 1546/47, one hundred thirty-four Dominicans were studying at the university, and in 1598/99, eighty. J. L. Espinel has written. a historical guide to the Dominican buildings and institutions.1 The great period of the Dominican school at the University began with Diego de Deza ( 1480-1486), professor and archbishop of Seville, and Matias de Paz (1518-1519), a professor of Scripture. Francisco de Vitoria (1526-1546) and Domingo de Soto (15321549 ) were its most gifted thinkers, but the school's achievements continued with Melchior Cano (1546-1552), Juan de la Pefia (1561-1565) and Domingo Banez (1581-1604). These t San Esteban de Salamanca, Historia y Gufa, Siglos, XIII-XX (Salamanca: Editorial San Esteban, 1978); see also R. Hernandez, "Convento y estudio de San Esteban," La Universidad de Salamanca (Salamanca: Universidad, 1989), pp. 369ff.; A. Martin Melquiades, "La Escuela de teologia de Salamanca," Atti del Congresso internazionale, Tommaso d'Aquino nel suo settimo centenario, Tommaso d'Aquino nella storia del pensiero, 1 :2 (Naples: Edizione Domenicane Italiane, 1975), pp. 242ff. A Salamancan Dominican of the 1930s, Vicente Beltran de Heredia, pioneered research in the history of the university and in the writings of the Dominican speculative masters. His writings can be found in past issues of Ciencia Tomista (CT), and some of his books and several recent collections of his most important essays are available from Editorial San Esteban. Similarly initial research in the United States can be found in the writings of Lewis Hanke. SALAMANCA AND THE SPANISH CONQUEST 557 are joined by lesser figures like Pedro de Sotomayor (15601564 ), Mancia de Corpus Christi (1564-1576), and Bartolome de Medina (1576-1581). The occupants of the chair in theology of the liturgical hour of prime from Vitoria in 1526 to Bafiez's... (shrink)

The aim of this article is to highlight the nature of the fundamental moments of phenomenological research, such as evidence and description, and the ambivalence of their relationship to each other. On the one hand, both evidence and description are related to Husserl’s attempt to ‘return to the things themselves’. Evidence is understood by the founder of phenomenology as a relation to an object in which the meaning of that object is given to us immediately in the object itself. Description, (...) on the other hand, avoids what is characteristic of any interpretation-oriented methodology: the ‘substitution’ of an explanatory reconstruction for the object under study. A certain discrepancy between phenomenological evidence and phenomenological description becomes apparent when we take into account the reception of the text in which the experience of the evidence is described. What is usually overlooked is that an experience whose content is the text being read is not an experience whose content is the phenomenon described in the text. This confusion leads to a turning away from ‘the things themselves’ and a restriction of phenomenology to the realm of texts. The way to avoid this deformation is through a phenomenological reduction, which must be carried out not only by the phenomenologist-researcher but also by the reader of the texts that provide a description of phenomenological experience. (shrink)

The chapter discusses the rejuvenation of an interest in Mach in the recent metaphysics and philosophy of mind. In the early twentieth century, Mach had been interpreted as a phenomenalist, but phenomenalism fell out of favor in the 1950s. In the later decades, he received praise for his naturalism, but his contributions to metaphysics or philosophy of mind were regarded as misbegotten or irrelevant. With the search for a monistic alternative to both materialism and dualism in the recent philosophy of (...) consciousness, however, Mach attracts a fresh attention. For example, the contemporary philosopher Sam Coleman develops a version of a monistic metaphysic called “panqualityism,” which resembles Mach’s view to a large extent. Like most contemporary monists, however, Coleman works much more closely from Russell’s The Analysis of Matter, than Mach’s The Analysis of Sensations. The chapter details the circumstances that have led to the recent rise of monism; the varieties of Russellian monism; Coleman’s panqualityism; and the similarities and differerences between panqualityism and Machian monism. (shrink)

The article presents the contemporary situation of teaching ethics in secondary schools in Spain. It highlights the historical and systemic contexts related to the introduction of this subject into the curriculum in the 1980s, as well as its position in the curriculum as an alternative to religious education. It also diagnoses problems and deficits resulting from multiple legislative changes, inconsistent and instrumental treatment of this subject by legislators and its still visible undervaluation in the Spanish education system. Finally, it proposes (...) a number of practical solutions related to the methodology of teaching ethics and the role that a teacher can play in the education process. These suggestions are an attempt to respond to the assumptions formulated by law regarding the objectives of teaching the subject “Ethical Values”, and above all, they emphasize the close connection of ethics with the development of civic attitudes, practical development of critical thinking skills, responsibility, and autonomy. (shrink)

Resumo: Este artigo tenta revelar o significado da disseminação contemporânea das teorias da conspiração, seguindo a sugestão de Frederic Jameson de que as teorias da conspiração são sintomas de um “mapeamento cognitivo” empobrecido. Para isso, transpõe-se o problema do mapeamento cognitivo para uma questão mais ampla de narratividade, em diálogo com o florescente campo da ética narrativa, interpretando-o por meio das lentes da teoria crítica e da psicanálise. Resumidamente, afirma-se que as teorias da conspiração são narrativas substitutivas para lidar com (...) a opacidade das sociedades contemporâneas e a consequente deficiência na narratividade pessoal. (shrink)

Straipsnyje iš medijų studijų perspektyvos nagrinėjamos kūrybinių industrijų sritys, lyginami jų skirtingi sąrašai. Pasak autoriaus, tai – dinamiškas kultūros sektorius, kuris keičiasi plėtojantis tiek medijoms, tiek ekonomikai, tiek technologijoms. Skirtingi kūrybinių industrijų sąrašai liudija, kad jų ribos – neaiškios, dažnai susiklojančios. Nors kūrybinės industrijos papildo ir maitina viena kitą, jų teritorijos veikiau yra priešiškos. Valstybės politika jų atžvilgiu nors ir rodo dėmesį šiam sektoriui, kuris yra svarbus ekonomikai, dažnai dar labiau supriešina atskiras jo teritorijas. Apskritai kūrybinės industrijos iškyla kūrybos visuomenėje, (...) kuri drauge – postindustrinė, medijuota ir postmoderni. (shrink)

Straipsnyje nagrinėjamos kūrybos bei kultūros industrijų idėjos iš filosofinės, sociologinės bei komunikacinės perspektyvos, drauge kritikuojama pastarųjų mokslų orientacija į „grynąjį protą“ nesiremiant socialiniais fenomenais. Nors kūrybos ir kultūros industrijų idėjos gali būti filosofijos, sociologijos ir komunikacijos mokslų sąveikos kanalas, autorius pažymi, kad netgi giminingi kultūros industrijų ir kūrybos industrijų diskursai plėtojami kaip nebendramačiai diskursai. Pasak autoriaus, čia kaltas ne tik teoretikų cechinis uždarumas, bet apskritai komunikacijos fenomenų ignoravimas filosofijoje ir sociologijoje. Straipsnyje pateikiamos kūrybos ekologijos ir kūrybos etikos gairės bei pabrėžiamas (...) egzistencialiosios fenomenologijos indėlis plėtojantis komunikacijos mokslo šakoms, įskaitant kūrybos ir kultūros industrijas. (shrink)

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama kūrybinė klasė. Kritikuojama R. Floridos samprata, pasak kurios, tai – visuomenės grupė, gaminanti ekonomines vertes savo kūrybine veikla. Anot straipsnio autoriaus, ne visi kūrybininkai įsitraukia į ekonominę veiklą ir ne visi kūrybos produktai dalyvauja ekonominėje apyvartoje. Demokratija kaip daugumos valdžia pati savaime nesuponuoja nei kūrybos visuomenės, nei jos kūrybinės raidos, o medijuota visuomenė netgi stabdo kūrybos sklaidą nepaisant atsivėrusių neribotų komunikacinių perspektyvų. Apie kūrybinę klasę galima kalbėti tik tuo atveju, jeigu nuo jos atskiriame kažkokias kitas mažiau kūrybingas ar (...) nekūrybingas klases. Straipsnyje keliami klausimai: ar kitos – mažiau kūrybingos (nekūrybingos) – klasės yra kūrybos visuomenės dalis; koks jų vaidmuo ne tik apibrėžiant kūrybinę klasę, bet ir formuojantis kūrybos visuomenei; kuo remdamiesi neigiame šių klasių teisę į kūrybingumą, kuri neatsiejama nuo žmogaus veiklos apskritai; koks sąmoningo tapatinimosi su kūrybos klase vaidmuo apibrėžiant kūrybininką; ar kūrybinė klasė nėra priedanga plėtoti tam tikru išskirtinumu paremtą politiką; ar kūrybinėje aplinkoje gali tarpti ir nekūrybingi individai; ar mažiau kūrybingos (nekūrybingos) klasės apibrėžtinos tik neigiamai (kaip stokojančios kūrybingumo); ar kūrybos visuomenėje mažiau kūrybingų (nekūrybingų) klasių laukia neišvengiama ekspropriacija? (shrink)

One is often said to be reasoning well when they are reasoning logically. Many attempts to say what logical reasoning is have been proposed, but one commonly proposed system is first-order classical logic. This Element will examine the basics of first-order classical logic and discuss some surrounding philosophical issues. The first half of the Element develops a language for the system, as well as a proof theory and model theory. The authors provide theorems about the system they developed, such as (...) unique readability and the Lindenbaum lemma. They also discuss the meta-theory for the system, and provide several results there, including proving soundness and completeness theorems. The second half of the Element compares first-order classical logic to other systems: classical higher order logic, intuitionistic logic, and several paraconsistent logics which reject the law of ex falso quodlibet. (shrink)

and the one in the middle which judges as he enjoys and enjoys as he judges. This latter kind really reproduces the work of art anew. The division of our Symposium into three sections is justified by the fact that phenomenology, from Husserl, Heidegger, Moritz Geiger, Ingarden, in Germany and Poland, Merleau-Ponty, Paul Ricoeur, E. Levinas in France, Unamuno in Spain, and Tymieniecka, in the United States, have revealed striking coincidences in trying to answer the following questions: What is the (...) philosophical vocation of literature? Does literature have any significance for our lives? Why does the lyric moment, present in all creative endeavors, in myth, dance, plastic art, ritual, poetry, lift the human life to a higher and authentically human level of the existential experience of man? Our investigations answer our fundamental inquiry: What makes a literary work a work of art? What makes a literary work a literary work, if not aesthetic enjoyment? As much as the formation of an aesthetic language culminates in artistic creation, the formation of a philosophical language lives within the orbit of creative imagination. (shrink)